In order to investigate effects of different planting spaces on morphological and physiological characteristics and also on quantitative yield of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in Safi-abad Research Center of Dezful during 1998-2000. This study was carried out in strip plot design. Treatments contained 20 stand density in intersection plot composing of four row spacing (45, 55, 65 and 75 cm) and five inter row spacing (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm). The results showed that spacing had significant effect on number of green and dead leaves. Interaction for green leaves in two years and dead leaves in 1999-2000 was not significant while interaction effects for dead leaves was only significant in 1998-99. The number of green and dead leaves per plant negatively correlated with stand density. But those factors were positively correlated with increase in planting spaces. Mean number of maximum green and dead leaves in two years ranged from 38.4 and 40, respectively per plant with 38000 plant/ha (75x35) to 23.9 and 15.4 per plant with 148000 plant/ha (45x15). Stand densitywas positively correlated with LEAF area index (LAI). Mean of maximum LAI differed from 6.4 in 148000 plant/ha to 3.3 in 38000 plant/ha.

Whereas reducing carbon pollutant and fossil fuel energy consumption have become the most important environmental and economic concerns in the world, electric vehicles and their cooling system are in automotive industry manufacturers and designers agendum more than ever. Various motor electromagnetic and mechanical losses act as heat sources and could lead to performance falloff and premature exhaustion indisputably, if they don’, t dissipate by an appropriate cooling system. Thus, in present work, a model has been prepared in Motor-CAD software for Nissan LEAF’, s BPM electric motor and after modelling various losses in it by means of 2D and 3D simulations with finite element method, it has been attentively investigated in terms of cooling system performance and hotspot temperatures and locations in four popular distinct standard driving cycles. It has been revealed in results that diversities in driving patterns can lead to different thermal reactions in vehicle’, s electric motor. These changes can even rearrange thermal critical points and move hotspots to different parts of motor. Beside quantitative point of maximum temperatures, various transient responses have been monitored in simulations results and hotspot location moved differently in each cycle. Main novelty of the present research is clarifying the point that in order to design an efficient and suitable cooling system for electric motors in vehicles, driving pattern characteristics must be taken into account.

The FORMATION of micelles from surface-active molecules and polymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts has always been one of the important research topics. In this study, the micelle FORMATION process for a ternary copolymer of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-polyethyleneimine has been investigated by molecular DYNAMICS simulation at coarse grain scale by Martini force field. The effectiveness of the coarse-grained model has been proven in previous studies to investigate such processes. For this purpose, several concentrations of the copolymer were prepared at body temperature and investigated by simulating the micelle FORMATION process, such as electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Several analyzes were used to investigate the micelle FORMATION process. After ensuring the stability of the formed micelle, the critical concentration for the studied copolymer was obtained through coarse-grained molecular DYNAMICS simulation, which is within the range of previous laboratory works. Also, the mechanism and driving forces of micelle FORMATION were evaluated.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the FORMATION of leading schools, so that it can be used in Iran's education. For this purpose, first, according to the research background and theoretical foundations, a conceptual framework was presented in the field of the components of an efficient and progressive school. Due to the nature of the subject, this research is an applied and developmental research and its method is of a mixed type, and includes quantitative and qualitative methods. According to the obtained inFORMATION, the statistical population is about 3000 people. The sample size is estimated to be 344 people using Morgan's table. Stratified sampling method was used for sampling in this research, and 84 managers and 260 teachers participated in this study. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the correlation coefficient test and factor analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the components of management and leadership, research factors, educational factors, human resources, budget and infrastructure, technology and equipment are the main components of the FORMATION of leading schools, and the component of educational factors has the largest contribution.

Pistachio white LEAF borer, Ocneria terebinthina Stgr. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) is one of the minor pests of pistachio in Iran. Some morphological characters and biology of the pest were studied in two orchards in Anar and Kerman, Iran. Ten pistachio trees (15-20 years old) and 60 leaves of each tree were selected from four different directions and visited twice a week. The eggs and larval emergence was recorded and cocoon FORMATION was located. Seasonal occurrence of adults was recorded using light traps.. Our results revealed that pistachio white LEAF borer, passes the winter as larval instar under loose bark on the trunk of pistachio trees or in white cocoons beneath plant litters. Activity of the overwintering larvae usually starts from the late March. Prepupal formed on the host leaves or bark crevices on infested trees. The adults appear in pistachio orchards in early spring (males appear earlier than females). Females lay eggs in batches on both the upper and lower surfaces of the pistachio leaves. The number of eggs in a single batch could be 4.75 to 361.This pest have 3 generations in Anar-Iran. In early autumn, the third instar larvae move toward diapausing shelters, molt to the fourth instar, make a whitish silk cocoon, and enter diapause.Overwintering larvae terminate diapauses at the end of winter and start feeding. Life cycle of the pest was also studied at two different temperatures i.e.25±2 and 30±2°C, %65±5 humidity and 14L: 10D h photoperiod. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between life cycle of the pest in these two temperatures (p<0.01). The longest period of development belonged to seven larval instar and the shortest to prepupal stage in both temperatures.

Background and Objective: Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative cocobacilli bacterium and etiologic agent of whooping cough that in recent years, the number of its cases is on the rise. The ability of biofilm production helps this bacterium in interference with host immune system, severity of illness and antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, due to the importance of this factor, in this investigation, we tested the ability of Bordetella pertussis isolates in biofilm FORMATION.Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from persons who suspected whooping cough from throughout of Iran from 2014 to 2016 and were transferred to pertussis reference laboratory in Pasteur Institute of Iran. The bacterium in question was isolated by culture so that finally we had 20 positive samples. At the end, we performed in vitro biofilm FORMATION test for isolated strains.Results: All of the 20 clinical samples of Bordetella pertussis which in this study were examined could form biofilm and their final OD became between 0.606 and 1.212, the power of the biofilm made by them was intermediate. Conclusion: Findings of this study was similar to researches conducted by other researchers, which showed the ability of the strains of Bordetella pertussis to form biofilm and to create adverse effects on the host for example antibiotic resistance, illness severity, and so on. Thus, considering the importance of this issue, more and broader researches are needed in this area.

The aim of this study was investigation of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus DYNAMICS in Carpinus betulusL. LEAF litter in organic layer of a broad-leaved mixed forest in Gorgan. Fresh litters were collected from five plots in district one, Shastkalate forest and were placed into some litterbags with 2 mm mesh. Then, they were located in the study site. Over one year (8 sampling), chemical analysis was carried out. Result showed total Nitrogen concentration in fresh litters was 1.5% and after one year increased to 1.9%. Phosphorus concentration in fresh litter was 0.134% and increased to 0.136% after one year. Carbon to Nitrogen ratio in fresh litter was 24.5, but after one year decreased to 17.4. Carbon to Phosphorus ratio in fresh litter was 282 and after one year decreased to 245. Weight of fresh litter was 14.65gr, but decreased to 8.23gr after one year. Nitrogen content, C/N and N/P ratios of Hornbeam LEAF litters were correlated with secondary weight of litter. C/N and C/P ratios were appropriated for discriminating of decomposition phases. Hornbeam LEAF litters caused soil fertility and increased site indexes. It is necessary to useCarpinus in reforestation and rehabilitation of destroyed forest, considering climate, elevation and forest degradation density.